![]() ![]() ![]() These components can now be resolved for atoms with long-lived transitions, such as 'S0-3P, of calcium and magnesium, by using long-excitation-region atomic beams excited with highly stabilized dye lasers. ![]() Unresolved photon-recoil components can limit the ac- curacy of high-resolution measurements in saturated ab- sorption spectroscopy to the order of 10 - '' - 10 - l3 in the visible spectrum. Experimental studies using a sub-6-fs Ti:sapphire laser suggesting the feasibility of carrier-envelope phase control are presented. Using the proposed phase-measurement methods, it will be possible to phase-coherently link any unknown optical frequency within the comb spectrum to a primary microwave standard. Short and highly periodic pulses of a two-cycle laser correspond to an extremely wide frequency comb of equally spaced lines, which can be used for absolute frequency measurements. The stabilization methods are an important prerequisite for attosecond pulse generation schemes. Here, we propose several novel methods to measure and to stabilize this carrier-envelope offset (CEO) phase with sub-femtosecond uncertainty. Because there are no locking mechanisms between envelope and carrier inside a laser, their relative phase offset experiences random fluctuations. In this region, the phase of the optical carrier with respect to the pulse envelope becomes important in nonlinear optical processes such as high-harmonic generation. The shortest pulses periodically emitted directly from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser are approaching the two-optical-cycle range. ![]()
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